The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights is hearing a landmark case that could set a precedent for climate accountability on the continent. The case, filed in 2023 by the Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa and others, alleges that the government of Mauritania violated the rights of its citizens by failing to take adequate measures to protect them from the adverse effects of climate change.
The applicants, including a Mauritanian farmer, argue that rising temperatures, drought, and desertification have severely impacted their livelihoods and access to water and food, constituting violations of rights to life, property, and a satisfactory environment under the African Charter. The case is considered the first of its kind to reach the continental court, seeking to hold a state accountable for climate inaction.
While the court's proceedings are ongoing, the case highlights the growing legal movement to frame climate change as a human rights issue. A ruling against Mauritania could compel states to strengthen climate policies and adaptation measures. The court's decision, expected in the coming months, will be closely watched for its implications across Africa.
