Rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system caused by lyssaviruses, primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected mammals such as dogs, cats, bats, and foxes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), rabies causes tens of thousands of deaths annually, with 95% of cases occurring in Asia and Africa. The disease is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, but it is 100% preventable through timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
For travelers, the WHO and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend pre-exposure vaccination for those at high risk, including long-term travelers, backpackers, and people working with animals. The vaccine is administered as a series of three doses over 21 to 28 days. Post-exposure, immediate wound washing and vaccination are critical; rabies immune globulin may also be needed for severe exposures.
In 2025, the WHO reported that global rabies deaths have declined by 30% since 2015 due to mass dog vaccination programs. However, challenges remain in rural areas with limited access to PEP. Travelers should avoid contact with stray animals and seek medical care immediately if bitten or scratched.
For up-to-date country-specific risks, consult the WHO or CDC travel health notices. Rabies is not transmitted through intact skin or via airborne routes; only direct contact with infected saliva or neural tissue poses a risk.
