Local elections in the United States, which determine school boards, city councils, and county commissions, consistently see the lowest voter turnout despite having the most direct impact on residents' daily lives. According to data from the U.S. Elections Project, turnout in local elections often falls below 20% of eligible voters, compared to 50-60% in presidential elections.
These elections decide issues like property taxes, public school funding, zoning laws, and local police budgets. A 2023 study by Portland State University found that voters in local elections are disproportionately older, white, and homeowners, meaning the needs of renters, young people, and minorities are often underrepresented.
Experts point to several reasons for low turnout: lack of media coverage, confusing ballot measures, and elections held on odd-year dates. Some states, like California and Oregon, have moved to mail-in ballots and same-day registration, which have shown modest increases in local election participation.
Efforts to boost turnout include nonpartisan voter guides, online ballot information tools, and civic education programs. However, as of 2026, most local elections still fail to engage the majority of eligible voters.
