The European Union has set ambitious climate targets under the European Green Deal, aiming to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels, and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This includes a planned phase-down of fossil fuel use, with policies such as the Fit for 55 package and the REPowerEU plan to accelerate the transition to renewable energy.
However, the EU does not have a unified policy to 'systematically dismantle' domestic fossil fuel capacities. Instead, individual member states retain sovereignty over their energy mix. For example, Poland continues to rely heavily on coal, while countries like Denmark have phased out oil and gas exploration. The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to prevent carbon leakage by taxing imports from countries with weaker climate policies.
As of 2026, the EU has increased renewable energy capacity, with wind and solar accounting for over 30% of electricity generation in some member states. Yet, fossil fuels still supply about 40% of the EU's energy, according to Eurostat data. The EU remains a net importer of oil and natural gas, particularly from Russia, Norway, and the United States.
Critics argue that the EU's rapid transition could harm energy security and industrial competitiveness, especially in energy-intensive sectors. Proponents counter that delaying action would worsen long-term climate risks and economic costs. The debate continues as the EU implements its 2030 climate targets.
