Relations between Morocco and the European Union have entered a new phase of friction, centered on the Western Sahara dispute and migration control. In March 2022, Spain officially endorsed Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara, a shift that angered Algeria and strained EU unity. The European Parliament, however, has criticized Morocco over press freedom and human rights, leading to diplomatic tensions.
In 2024, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) annulled EU trade agreements with Morocco concerning Western Sahara, ruling that the Sahrawi people's consent was not obtained. This decision, upheld in 2025, has created legal uncertainty for EU-Morocco economic ties, affecting fisheries and agriculture. Morocco has rejected the ruling, calling it politically motivated.
Migration remains a key point of contention. Spain and Morocco have cooperated to reduce irregular migration, with arrivals to the Canary Islands dropping significantly in 2025. However, EU officials have pressed Morocco to do more to combat human trafficking, while Moroccan authorities demand more financial support and recognition of their role.
Despite these frictions, both sides have maintained dialogue. In 2025, the EU and Morocco held high-level meetings to discuss a 'strategic partnership' covering trade, energy, and security. Analysts note that economic interdependence, particularly in renewable energy and agriculture, may prevent a full breakdown in relations.
