In late July 2021, an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 migrants, many of them Moroccan, crossed into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta after Moroccan border controls were relaxed. The incident sparked a diplomatic crisis between Morocco and Spain, with Madrid accusing Rabat of using migration as a pressure tactic. Morocco has denied the accusations, stating that the crossings were a result of a buildup of tensions over Spain's decision to host Brahim Ghali, the leader of the Polisario Front, for medical treatment.
Spanish media coverage at the time was highly critical of Morocco, with many articles questioning its behavior and suggesting that it was weaponizing migration. However, some analysts pointed out that Morocco has long been a key partner in controlling irregular migration, and that the crisis was a symptom of deeper political disputes. The European Union urged both sides to resolve their differences through dialogue.
Since the 2021 crisis, Morocco and Spain have taken steps to normalize relations. In March 2022, Spain publicly endorsed Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara, a move that was seen as a major shift in Spanish foreign policy. In return, Morocco has cooperated more closely on migration, leading to a significant drop in irregular crossings. According to Spanish Interior Ministry data, irregular arrivals to Spain's coasts and enclaves decreased in 2022 and 2023 compared to previous years.
Despite the improvement, the migration issue remains sensitive. Morocco continues to face pressure from the EU to prevent departures, while also being criticized by human rights groups for its treatment of migrants. The country's position is often described as a double bind: it is condemned if it cracks down on migration and accused if it does not. As of 2026, the situation remains complex, with both Morocco and Spain seeking to balance security concerns with humanitarian obligations.
